Economics & Finance / Industry & Sectors / Manufacturing & Industry

苏联援建工厂的影响技术转让与工业发展|Impact of Soviet-Aided Factories: Technology Transfer and Industrial Development

这项研究探讨了20世纪50年代**中苏联盟**期间，**技术**与**管理知识**转让对中国工业的长期影响。通过分析“**156项目**”，发现单纯的硬件转让效果短暂，而结合了**专家培训**的项目显著提升了工厂的**全要素生产率**、**产品质量**及**自主研发**能力。这种知识溢出不仅促进了企业的长期**技术升级**，还通过**供应链**和**人力资本**积累带动了局部地区的经济繁荣与工业化进程。|This study examines the long-term impacts of the transfer of technology and managerial knowledge on China’s industry during the Sino-Soviet alliance in the 1950s. Through an analysis of the 156 Projects, it finds that the effect of pure hardware transfer was short-lived, whereas projects integrated with expert training significantly boosted factories’ total factor productivity, product quality, and independent R&D capabilities. Such knowledge spillovers not only facilitated the long-term technological upgrading of enterprises but also drove economic prosperity and industrialization in local regions through the accumulation of supply chain resources and human capital.