Economics & Finance / Macroeconomics / Economic Development & Transition

捕获转型租金：两种土地改革的故事|Capturing Transition Rents: Two Tales of Land Reform

这篇文章探讨了墨西哥与中国在经济转型过程中，如何通过不同的土地产权制度分配“转型租金”。中国政府保留了对土地的控制权，将农业用地转为工业用途的收益用于资助城市化，这虽推动了增长却引发了社会矛盾。相比之下，墨西哥通过授予农民完全产权实现了和平过渡，但由于缺乏公共财政投入，导致了转型期的建设资金匮乏。两位作者指出，土地改革不仅仅是提高生产力的工具，更是实现政治控制和财富分配的手段。研究最后强调，决策者必须平衡私人权益与公共投资之间的关系，以确保长期经济繁荣|This article explores how Mexico and China have distributed "transition rents" through differing land tenure systems during their economic transformations. The Chinese government has retained control over land, channeling the profits from converting agricultural land to industrial use into urbanization funding. While this approach has driven growth, it has also triggered social conflicts. In contrast, Mexico achieved a peaceful transition by granting farmers full property rights; however, this led to a scarcity of construction capital during the transition due to a lack of public fiscal investment. The authors argue that land reform is not merely a tool for enhancing productivity, but also a mechanism for political control and wealth distribution. The study concludes by emphasizing that policymakers must strike a balance between private rights and publi