Economics & Finance / Macroeconomics / International Trade & Globalization

explores the deep connection between economic globalization and the rise of populism, pointing ou

Dani Rodrik

Populism and the Economics of Globalization 民粹主义与全球化经济学Populism & Globalization This article explores the deep connection between economic globalization and the rise of populism, pointing out that the current political backlash has historical precedents in both economic theory and history. Author Dani Rodrik analyzes that while globalization generates overall benefits, it also creates severe inequality and social divisions, especially in advanced stages, where the resulting social unrest far outweighs the economic gains. The article distinguishes between left-wing and right-wing populism, arguing that this depends on the specific shocks faced by each country—for example, Europe is primarily troubled by immigration issues, while Latin America is hit by trade and financial fluctuations. Through historical review, the author calls for a re-examination of the current "high degree of globalization," suggesting that while maintaining economic openness, countries must be given space for autonomous macroeconomic control and social security. This rebalancing of the globalization process is seen as key to maintaining political stability and preventing further social polarization.